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Attention: This Circuit is using high voltage that is lethal. Please take appropriate precautions This circuit you can convert the 12VDC into 220VAC. The 4047 IC is use to generate the square wave of 50hz. Circuit diagram   How to calculate transformer rating The basic formula is P=VI and between input output of the transformer we have Power input = Power output. For example if we want a 220W output at 220V then we need 1A at the output. Then at the input we must have at least 18.3A at 12V because: 12V*18.3A = 220V*1A, when P1 is 12V*18.3A and P2 is 220V*1A. So  if you have to wind the step up transformer 12V to 220v but input winding must be capable to bear 20A. For this project to produce 220VAC with 500W, we find. Output power is P2 = Output voltage x output current         Output current = 500W/220V                        ...

Build a Square A to Sine Wave Converter Circuit Diagram. This is a simple circuit diagram in this circuit using Two pairs of MOSFETs form a bridge that alternately switches current in opposite directions. Two parallel-resonant LC circuits complete the converter. The Ll/C1 combination is resonant at the fundamental frequency; the L2/C2 combination is resonant at the clock frequency`s third harmonic and acts as a trap.  Square A to Sine Wave Converter Circuit Diagram Tl and C3 ensure that both halves of the MOSFET bridge are never on at the same time by providing a common delay to the gate drive of each half. Select the values of R1 and C3 to yield a time constant that`s less than 5% of the clock`s period. You can add an output amplifier for additional buffering and conditioning of the circuit`s sine-wave output.

This is a very simple build Electronic Circuit Project of single solar cell trickle charges 3- to 16-v battery in-circuit.   Many battery-powered applications use very little power when idle and have short-duration operating periods. Thus, the total energy used is very small. It would be convenient to incorporate solar cells in these devices to charge the batteries. However, the number of cells needed to charge a given battery voltage is close to Vb/0.6, thereby necessitating an array of solar cells, series connected. Single Solar Cell Trickle Charges 3- To 16-V Battery in-Circuit: The circuit in the figure addresses that issue by employing a self-oscillating boost circuit operating from a single solar cell. As such, it's able to trickle charge the battery continuously. The solar cell charges C2 until there's sufficient voltage to activate Q2. This will cause the output of U1a to turn on and latch on through the action of U1b. U1a's output also turns on Q3, which begins tra...

Exapod ported TV-B-Gone, the universal TV off button, to the tiny PIC12F1840. He used the free version of the Hi-Tech compiler so the optimizations leave a lot to be desired, but the code only uses 17% of program memory. The prototype was made on a protoboard and an SOIC packaged PIC. [ ]

 500W Mos-Fet Power Inverter from 12V to 110V/220V This circuit will provide a very stable "Square Wave" Output Voltage. Frequency of operation is determined by a pot and is normally set to 60 Hz. Various "off the shelf" transformers can be used. Or Custom wind your own FOR BEST RESULTS. Additional MosFets can be paralleled for higher power. It is recommended to Have a "Fuse" in the Power Line and to always have a "Load connected", while power is being applied. The Fuse should be rated at 32 volts and should be approximately 10 Amps per 100 watts of output. The Power leads must be heavy enough wire to handle this High Current Draw!

Download the Eagle3D software and Install it. Open your board file in Eagle. Click on ‘ULP’ icon: A new window will open asking for a ‘.ulp’ file. Browse into your Eagle3D directory (where you installed it) and select the file '3d41.ulp'. Now select the language you want, and then browse for the output file. Make sure your PCB layout contain ‘dimension’ else you will get en error message: You can do this by clicking on ‘wire’ icon; select the dimension from drop down list (20) and draw a border across your layout. If every thing goes right then a new window will pop up: You can change camera angle, lights, colors etc. For now, just click on ‘create POV-File and Exit’ button. After some seconds it will ask various questions about your board components answer as best as you can. Now you will have a ‘.pov’ file. Download and Install the 32-bit version POV-Ray software . Click on the ‘Open’ file icon, and locate your .pov file created in the previous step. We need to p...

This inverter circuit can provide up to 800mA of 12V power from a 6V supply. For example, you could run 12V car accessories in a 6V (British?) car. The circuit is simple, about 75% efficient and quite useful. By changing just a few components, you can also modify it for different voltages. Notes L1 is a custom inductor wound with about 80 turns of 0.5mm magnet wire around a toroidal core with a 40mm outside diameter. Different values of D3 can be used to get different output voltages from about 0.6V to around 30V. Note that at higher voltages the circuit might not perform as well and may not produce as much current. You may also need to use a larger C3 for higher voltages and/or higher currents. You can use a larger value for C3 to provide better filtering. The circuit will require about 2A from the 6V supply to provide the full 800mA at 12V. 6V to 12V Converter Circuit Diagram   Parts R1, R4 2 2.2K 1/4W Resistor R2, R3 2 4.7K 1/4W Resistor R5 1 1K 1/4W Resistor R6 1 1.5...

Now we’ll prepare the glass fiber. We are going to cut it a bit bigger than our design, leaving a small margin. We cut the page design, where the “Top” parts were in normal vision. We attach the page to the glass fiber with a little bit of sellotape. We choose two pads which are situated at both extremes of the design, one that is at the upper part and the other one at the other extreme end, but in the lower part. We make a hole with a hand drill in the mentioned pads. The hole should be 0.8 mm wide. We have to look carefully at the pads we have chosen, since now we have to make a small hole with a pin in the photograph paper, on the page which coincides with “Top” mirrored part and with the “Bottom” part. We now leave a photograph paper with design and we take a kitchen towel and a solvent. We remove the page which was attached to the glass fiber and we rub the copper with the kitchen towel dipped into the solvent, so that it becomes shiny on both sides. Once we have don...

This time, there is a series of audio amplifer 20W as well, but using IC TDA 2005 as a series of his base amplifier. The series of 2x20 Watt Audio Power Amplifier using TDA2005 can you see in the picture below. Technical Data: Performance of TDA2005M: (for this circuit); At 4.14 V supply voltage: 2 x 20 watts (stereo) into 4 Ohms. Distortion: Approx. 0.2% at 4 Watts into 4 ohm load. Frequency Range: Approx. 20 Hz to 22 KHz. Input Sensitivity: Approx. maximum 150 mV rms. . Power supply: + 8 to 18 volts, approx. 3.5 Amps maximum per channel. source [link] 

The project is a user-friendly and cheap FM radio receiver which produces the desired audio signals using integrated circuit to achieve the pre-processing units. During operation, the user is allowed to change stations and interact with the receiver by integrating a keypad and an LCD for communication. There are several functions that this radio receiver can perform including adjusting the threshold when picking up stronger or weaker stations, setting up 3 favorite stations for quick tuning, scanning up/down for next strong signal station, and tuning up/down a frequency. A keypad is designed for controlling the receiver and the buttons are mapped to their corresponding functionality while the other buttons are not connected. The 4 main sub-components of the receiver include the LCD, the keypad, the favorite station storage, and the communication with receiver. Each of them is being controlled by their software components. The antenna transfers the incoming radio signal to the AR1010 F...

 230 V AC To 400 V DC Power Supply Circuit Diagram:   Description : A lot of students are who don't know how to convert 230 volt AC to 400 DC. So today i am published  ' 230 V AC to 400 V DC circuit diagram ' on my blog. Working principle of this circuit diagram is very simple. You already knew the working principle of a bridge rectifier. This circuit is same as bridge rectifier and the working principle is also same. The fuse is used to protect the circuit, if the current is greater than 1 A. Parts List Component No: Value F1 1 A B1 IN4007  C1 470MF/450V  V1 230 V AC 

Build a simple Capacitance to Voltage Meter Circuit Diagram . In this volt meter circuit uses timer Ul operates as a free-running oscillator at 60 Hz, providing trigger pulses to timer U2 which operates in the monostable mode. Resistor Rl is fixed and capacitor Cx is the capacitor being measured.   Capacitance to Voltage Meter Circuit Diagram While the output of U2 is 60 Hz, the duty cycle depends on the value of Cx. U3 is a combination low-pass filter and unity-gain follower whose dc voltage output is the time-averaged amplitude of the output pulses of U2, as shown in the timing diagram. The diagram shows when the value of Cx is small the duty cycle is relatively low. The output pulses are narrow and produce a lower average dc voltage level at the output of U3.  As the capacitance value of Cx increases, the duty cycle increases making the output pulses at U2 wider and the average dc level output at U3 increases. The graph illustrates capacitance values of 0.01 ?¥ to 0.1 ...

Generally for connecting an LCD display to an Arduino using 7 strands, it usually breaks the leg that has any projects that remain few ports to be used. But there is a way, using an IC 74LS164 (8-bit serial shift register), a resistor and a diode, but it's not just hardware, you have to use a library. This Arduino library for connection of 2-wire or 3-wire using HD44780 compatible LCD display via shiftregisters. This circuit is considered "deprecated", but it's worth testing. LCD Display on the Arduino Circuit 

Here’s a low-cost circuit to convert 6V DC into 12V DC. It uses no transformer and is easy to construct with few components. The circuit is built around IC 555, which generates the required frequency of around 2 to 10 kHz to drive power transistor BD139 (T2). The output frequency of the IC can be adjusted by a 47k potmeter (VR1) and given to the base of transistor T2 via resistor R3. Transistor T2 is mounted on an aluminium heat-sink. Inductor L1 and capacitor C5 (2200µF, 35V) are energy storage components. The 12V zener diode regulates the voltage across the output of the circuit. Latest DC-TO-DC Converter Circuit Diagram The inductor comprises 100 turns of 24SWG enamelled copper wire wound on a 40mm dia. toroidal ferrite core. The more the turns on the core, the higher the current delivering capability of the circuit to the load at the output. The output current is controlled by transistor BC549 (T1) with the help of resistors R4 and R5. The output voltage is controlled by the zener ...

Two Light Emitting Diodes slowly light up and fade away due to the circuitry, giving it a feel of blinking red eyes in darkness. It is the perfect way to set up your own horror show in Halloween. It can also be installed in series for the Christmas tree or during Diwali or a decorative power indicator for the daily appliance. A 3 volt linear wave is generated at Pin 1 via LM 1458 IC and followed by a transistor which buffers the emission. A 47 K resistance coupled with a 22uF capacitor is joined at Pin2 to limit the frequency to 0.5Hz. The rate can be varied using a 100K pot(potentiometer) replacing the 47K resistor. Two operational amplifiers govern the circuit. The transitional voltage is produced by the first op-amp which slowly modulates voltage between 3 to 6 volts. The second op-amp supplies alternating voltage of 2 and 7 volts to charge the capacitor and discharge it via constant current. Two 47K resistors establish a fixed voltage when joined across Pin 3 & 6 to keep...

Varactor (or “varicap”) diodes are used primarily in radio-frequency (RF) circuits to provide a capacitance that can be varied by changing the applied voltage. These types of diodes often are used for tuning circuits, such as RF oscillators and filters found in wireless applications like wireless microphones and radios. Designers, then, should know about the benefits of using a nonvolatile digital-to-analog converter (DAC) to provide the biasing voltage of a varactor diode used as a voltage-controlled capacitor. The varactor diode is operated under reverse bias, which creates a depletion zone around the P-N junction. Changing the level of the reverse bias changes the thickness of the depletion region and, thus, the effective capacitance of the diode. Increasing voltage causes a decrease in capacitance. Varactor diodes are specified with a nominal capacitance value and the range of capacitance that can be achieved with a maximum and minimum voltage level. Increasing the bias voltage ran...

This is a Variable 5 to 20V DC Supply Circuit Diagram . If you are looking for a low drop voltage regulator that can provide a power supply of 1A with an output voltage of between 5V and 20V DC, National Semiconductor LM2941 Low Dropout Adjustable Regulator is that you can pick to make use of. It's a typical dropout voltage of 0.5V which means that the input supply need only must be 0.5V DC over the desired output voltage.  Variable 5 to 20V DC Supply Circuit Diagram   Its other features include internal short circuit current limit and reverse battery protection. As shown in the schematic below, the regulator has five pins which consists of the ON/OFF control, Input Voltage, Output Voltage, Ground & Adjustable pins. ON/OFF is used for the purpose of switching on & off of the regulator. The capacitors C1 & E1 are to be placed as close as feasible to the regulator.  The output of the circuit can be varied by varying the worth of potentiometer VR1 from 5V DC to 2...

Using LT3582 -12 dual channel DC DC converter integrated circuit, manufactured by Linear Technology, can be designed a very simple step up dc converter. This 5 to 12V c converter electronic project provide both positive and negative outputs required in many biasing applications such as active matrix OLED (organic light-emitting diode)displays as well as CCD (charge coupled device) applications. The LT3582 offer an I2C interface that can dynamically program output voltages, power sequencing and output voltage ramps as the application requires. The LT3582’s positive output voltage can be set between 3.2V and 12.775 in 25mV steps, whereas the negative output can be set between -1.2V and -13.95V in 50mV steps. The LT3582-12 is preconfigured with ±12V output, requiring no future programming.

This is a simple project of 12V To 24V DC-DC Converter Circuit Diagram .This simple 12V To 24V DC-DC Converter Circuit Diagram can provide up to 24V from a 12V source. It can be used to run radios, small lights, relays, horns and other 24V accessories from a 12V vehicle with a maximum draw of about 800mA.  It can be used to charge one 12V battery from another, or step up the voltage just enough to provide necessary overhead for a 12V linear regulator. Using one op-amp as a square wave oscillator to ring an inductor and another op-amp in a feedback loop, it won't drift around under varying loads, providing a stable 24V source for many applications. With a wide adjustment in output this circuit has many uses.  12V To 24V DC-DC Converter Circuit Diagram Parts Part Total Qty. Description Substitutions R1, R2, R3, R4, R8, R7 6 100K 1/4W Resistor R5 1 470 Ohm 1/2W Resistor R6 1 10K Linear Pot C1 1 0.01uF Mylar Capacitor C2 1 0.1uF Ceramic Disc Capacitor C3 1 470uF 63V Electrolytic C...

Microcontroller to RS-485 circuit | RS-485 bus can carry up to 256 transceiver modules and over long distances . This is a circuit for connect microcontroller with Rs-485 bus. Max485 Max485 are low-power transceivers for RS-485 and RS-422 communication. Each part contains one driver and one receiver. Line Length vs. Data Rate The RS-485/RS-422 standard covers line lengths up to 4000 feet. For line lengths greater than 4000 feet, see Typical Applications The MAX481, MAX483, MAX485, MAX487–MAX491, and MAX1487 transceivers are designed for bidirectional data communications on multipoint bus transmission lines. Microcontroller to RS-485 circuit  diagrams Features - In μMAX Package: Smallest 8-Pin SO - Slew-Rate Limited for Error-Free Data Transmission - 0.1μA Low-Current Shutdown Mode - Low Quiescent Current - -7V to +12V Common-Mode Input Voltage Range - Three-State Outputs - 30ns Propagation Delays, 5ns Skew - Full-Duplex and H...