TREE

Here we used the 12-0-12 step-down 500mA power transformer. The output of the transformer is supply to the bridge rectifier made of D2 , D3, D4, D5 which is use to convert the Ac supply to the DC supply. Capacitor C1 is used as a filter the DC output. We used  470 μF capacitor  but you can used any. More the value of capacitor more pure DC can be obtained. Resistor R2 of 2.2K is used as bleeder. Here you can see the transistor T1 [BC147B] and transistor T2 [SL100] are use for regulator compressor. The DC output is fed to these transistors. T1 acts as a series pass driver or a current regulator. Base bias for transistor T1 is achieved from the supply through resistor  R3 of 680 ohms  as resistor R2 of  10k is a base bleeder and capacitor C2 1 μF  filters base potential. When the test probe is fully open with no zener connected, the base potential of transistor T1 is around 32V that is across resistor R4 or capacitor C2. New Zener Diode Circuit Diagram  ...

The light sensor circuit shows the application of  photo diode to detect the presence of light. This light sensor can be used as an intermediate circuit in various applications to detect the presence or absence of light. The sensitivity of the sensor can be adjusted using the preset. A photo diode , used as a photo detector, generates current in the circuit when light incidents on it. This circuit uses the photo diode in reverse bias mode with resistor R1(10k). This resistor does not allow too much current to flow through the photo diode in case a large amount of light falls on the detector. Initially when no light falls on the photo diode, it results in high potential at the inverting input of a comparator (pin6) of LM339. When light falls on the photo diode, it allows current to flow through the diode, and thus drops the voltage across it. The non-inverting input (pin7) is connected to a variable resistor VR2 (preset) which is used to set the reference voltage of the compar...

This is the Simple Diode Cmos Stabilizer Circuit Diagram. The simple diode network can stabilize the voltage supplied to CMOS circuitry from a battery. D1 and D2 must have a c ombined forward-voltage drop of about 1.5 V. And D3 is an LED with a forward-voltage drop of about 1.7 V. The table shows the network`s output voltage as the battery`s voltage declines.  Simple Diode Cmos Stabilizer Circuit Diagram  Sourced By: Circuitsstream

Varactor (or “varicap”) diodes are used primarily in radio-frequency (RF) circuits to provide a capacitance that can be varied by changing the applied voltage. These types of diodes often are used for tuning circuits, such as RF oscillators and filters found in wireless applications like wireless microphones and radios. Designers, then, should know about the benefits of using a nonvolatile digital-to-analog converter (DAC) to provide the biasing voltage of a varactor diode used as a voltage-controlled capacitor. The varactor diode is operated under reverse bias, which creates a depletion zone around the P-N junction. Changing the level of the reverse bias changes the thickness of the depletion region and, thus, the effective capacitance of the diode. Increasing voltage causes a decrease in capacitance. Varactor diodes are specified with a nominal capacitance value and the range of capacitance that can be achieved with a maximum and minimum voltage level. Increasing the bias voltage ran...